Source Documents - used to capture and formalize transaction data needed for transaction processingProduct Documents - the result of transaction processingTurnaround Documents - a product document of one system that becomes a source document for another system Physical component (sales order processing)financial component (cash receipts) Revenue Cycle: time lag between the two due to credit relations with customers : Physical component (acquisition of goods)financial component (cash disbursements to the supplier)Ĭonversion Cycle :the production system (planning, scheduling, and control of the physical product through the manufacturing process)the cost accounting system (monitors the flow of cost information related to production)
Production Planning and ControlCost AccountingĮachCyclehasTwoSubsystemsExpenditure Cycle: time lag between the two due to credit relations with suppliers:
Purchasing/Accounts PayableCash DisbursementsPayrollFixed Assets The expenditure cycle,the conversion cycle, andthe revenue cycle.Įxpenditure Cycle Conversion Cycle Revenue Cycle ObjectivesforChapter2Broad objectives of transaction cyclesTypes of transactions processed by each of the three transaction cyclesThe basic accounting records used in TPSThe traditional accounting records and their magnetic equivalents Documentation techniquesBatch and real-time processing and the impact of these technologies on transaction processingĪ Final Transaction isan economic event that affects the assets and equities of the firm, is reflected in its accounts, and is measured in monetary terms.similar types of transactions are grouped together into three transaction cycles:
Cengage Learning and South-Western are trademarks used herein under license It does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or in parallel.įig 9.2:- Data Flow Diagram for online examination system.įig 9.3:- Context diagram for online examination system.įig 9.4:- Level 1 DFD for online examination system.įig 9.5:- Level 2 DFD for process 2 (update subjects).įig 9.6:- Level 2 DFD for process 3 (update questions).įig 9.7:- Level 2 DFD for process 8 (exam process).COPYRIGHT 2009 South-Western, a division of Cengage Learning. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated.DFDs can also be used for thevisualizationofdata processing(structured design).A DFD shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. ER Model is used to interpret, specify & document requirements for DBs irrespective of DBMS being used.The ER diagram of the project Online Examination System is shown in Fig 9.1.įig 9.1:- ER diagram for online examination system.Īdata flow diagram(DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through aninformation system, modeling itsprocessaspects. relational model) this is mapped to a physical model in physical design. ER) is, at a later stage (called logical design), mapped to a logical data model, (e.g. Diagrams created by this process are called ER diagramsSequence: Conceptual data model (i.e. ER modeling is a DB modeling method, used to produce a type of conceptual schema of a system.
The main components of ER models areentities(things) and the relationships that can exist among them.An Entity-relationship model (ERM) is an abstract and conceptual representation of data. 9.1 ER Modeling Insoftware engineering, anentityrelationship model(ER model) is adata modelfor describing the data or information aspects of a business domain or its process requirements, in an abstract way that lends itself to ultimately being implemented in adatabasesuch as arelational database.